Glossary

Plain-English definitions for the terms you'll meet across Paisa Trail. Where a term comes from an accounting standard, we say so.

Reportable segment: A distinct line of business a company must disclose separately under Ind AS 108 — Operating Segments, because management runs and reviews it as its own unit (e.g. Reliance's Retail vs Digital Services).
Revenue from operations: Income a company earns from its core business activities, before other income like interest or one-off gains. The top line of the results statement.
Segment result: A segment's profit or loss as the company reports it — broadly its revenue minus the expenses attributable to that segment, before group-level interest and tax.
Operating profit: Profit from running the business — revenue minus operating expenses, before interest and tax.
Operating margin: Operating profit as a percentage of revenue. A quick read on how much of each rupee of sales survives after the costs of running the business.
Net profit: The bottom line — what's left after all expenses, interest and tax.
₹ crore: One crore = 1,00,00,000 (ten million). The standard unit for reporting large Indian company figures. Numbers here use Indian digit grouping.
Consolidated vs standalone: Consolidated results include the parent plus its subsidiaries as one group; standalone covers only the parent entity. We prefer consolidated where available.
XBRL: eXtensible Business Reporting Language — the structured, machine-readable format companies use to file results with the exchanges. It's what lets us read segment figures directly rather than retyping a PDF.
Ind AS 108: The Indian Accounting Standard on Operating Segments — the rule that requires multi-business companies to disclose the segment data this site is built on.
SEBI LODR: The SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations — the framework under which listed companies must file these results with NSE and BSE.
Nifty 50: The index of 50 large, liquid companies listed on the NSE — the initial universe of companies covered here.

Missing a term? It's an educational glossary — tell us and we'll add it.